Jewish culture trail

1. The Great Synagogue (currently nonexistent, located by the former Horse Market on the so-called Rozmarek and on the corners of Żydowska Street (currently Złota Street) and Nadwodna Street (currently Alfons Parczewski Street).

The privilege of building the synagogue was granted to the Jews in 1358 by Casimir the Great (Polish: Kazimierz Wielki). This oldest synagogue was probably wooden. In the middle of the 17th century a brick synagogue was erected by so-called Rozmarek. It was burnt during the great fire of the town in 1792. It was rebuilt thanks to the wealth of the Kalisz community but it was consumed by fire in 1852. Another synagogue, the so-called Great, could not match the predecessor in its architectural form. It was surrounded by various extensions serving economic and ritual purposes. Its closest neighbourhood was created by the square called the "Horse Market". The synagogue, where there were objects of worship of great artistic value, was robbed and then demolished by the Nazis during World War II. In order to commemorate the Kalisz Jewish community and the destroyed synagogue, Kalisz local government funded a commemorative plaque at the Rozmarek Square in 2014.

2. Talmud – Tora (currently II Tax Office in Targowa Street)

Budynek Talmud Tory_fotKrystianChecinski2.jpg [1.07 MB]

Photo by Krystian Chęciński

A religious elementary school, free, dedicated for children of the poorest parents and for orphans. Schools were housed close to the synagogues, and in modern times in annexes or separate buildings. The employed melameds (teachers) were paid from communal funds or charity foundations. The school in Kalisz was funded at the end of the 18th century by a wealthy merchant Samuel Józef Redlich who enjoyed the favor of the last king of Poland, Stanisław II Augustus. The building was significantly rebuilt after the Second World War.

3. New Jewish cemetry (23 Podmiejska Street)

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Photo by Krystian Chęciński

The old Jewish cemetery in the Rypinek district functioned since the end of the 13th century. In 1919, due to the lack of places for burials, a new Jewish cemetery was established by the current Podmiejska Street. In 1921 a fence was erected, and in 1926 the construction of a pre-burial house began. The new cemetery became the resting place of mainly reformed and assimilated Jews. Therefore inscriptions in German and Polish can be found on the preserved in situ sandstone matzevahs (Jewish headstones), or wealthy monuments of black marble. In 1932 Rabbi Jechaskiel Lipszyc, respected not only in the Jewish community, was buried in the cemetery. The rabbi's ohel has survived to our times. Jews who come to Kalisz pray and leave their requests there. During World War II, the Germans devastated the area of the cemetery, which was also the place of execution of 326 Poles. The cemetery and the pre-burial house survived the occupation. In 1998 the then Governor of Kalisz province conveyed the cemetery area to the Jewish religious community in Wrocław. It is the legal successor of the nonexistent Kalisz community. Thanks to Zenon Sroczyński, a businessman and Baruch (Bolek) Kolski, the pre-burial house was renovated – it became the House of Remembrance.

4. The monument of books – Planty in Kalisz (Babina Street)

It is an unusual monument commemorating thousands of books from Kalisz libraries – Polish and Jewish. In the years 1940-42 the Nazis threw them into the Babinka channel – the arm of the Prosna River – which was being filled in at that time. The memorial plaque in the form of an open book was made in 1978 by the sculptor Jerzy Sobociński according to the design of the Kalisz artist Władysław Kościelniak. It is the only monument in Europe dedicated to "murdered books", which are a symbol of culture and a testimony to the intellectual potential of occupied nations.